Electronics Product Design and Development
Learning to Design a Product
Engineering a Good product will result in a well
manufactured usable electronic equipment or
appliance. Product Safety, Reliability,
Serviceability, Maintainability, RFI-EMI immunity
are some factors to study.
Product Design
When you wish to Begin to learn Electronics, first a
short study of Physics
is essential, secondly some Electronics theory. Then
build simple and small gadgets to learn Practical
Electronics while working with Educational
Hobby
Circuits. Lastly to make your own
product designs, a fundamental knowledge of Analog and
Digital Electronics is the foundation for your
next steps into Engineering
a
Design.
Applications and Components
The basic building blocks for most circuits are
Chips or ICs. You can acquire considerable knowledge
by studying Application notes of National
Semiconductor and Texas
Instruments to start with. When you want
to use a Microprocessor or Build Your Own
Microcontroller Projects, you can study the
documents at Atmel
and Microchip
to begin. The Specifications and Behavior of Passive
Components like inductors, capacitors and Resistors;
Discrete Semiconductors; Power Devices. and RF
Components have to be understood well, in order to
design sturdy Industrial
Grade Designs eg. ST.
Advanced Engineering
The Technology related to the equipment used for
Testing, Troubleshooting and Calibration is called
Test & Measurement, Here we use Test Instruments
like Oscilloscopes
and Digital
Multimeters. Medical Electronics and Military
Designs require more meticulous, robust and
dedicated designs with higher reliability and
accuracy. In Medical electronics product
safety is vital, Consumer products should be
affordable without compromising Human Safety
factors. Then you need to look into Usability or Ergonomics,
which is a science that helps us develop practical
and cost-effective products, which have an optimum
Man-Machine Interface. EMI, ESD, RFI are other
important aspects that deals with Electromagnetic,
Electrostatic and RF; Noise and Interference; in the
Stable performance of products in Real World Harsh
Environments or the Reliable Transmission of data.
Lastly Computing and Communication makes products
more versatile in any application. EDA, Technical
Computing and Systems Engineering helps creating
products and complete process solutions.
Industrial Automation and Process Control
Automation and Control is the predecessor of Robotics
and Mechatronics. A Jump Start, Practical and
standard reference for Process Control is at at Omega
Technical Reference.
A Control system is made of Sensors
sending acquired data to a Controller
which operates Actuators
to manage the process in Real Time. Starting from a
Bimetal Thermostat to a SCADA, the controller has
grown from mechanical -- electrical -- analog --
digital devices to microcontroller-computer based
equipment.
Both in Control Systems and Robotics the
Collaboration between Robots or Control Units, leads
to the development of wireless network of
Interactive, Intelligent and Distributed Self
Governing Systems. The outcome is Web Process
Automation, Web Applications based Solutions in
Monitoring, Analyzing and Configuring these
Sophisticated Networked Systems.
2002 delabs technologies (Corrected -
some links removed or modified in. 2014)
Black Box Specifications
- Start Projekt {
- Customer Interaction and Communication to make
a specs sheet and drawing.
- Block Diagram, feasibility, cost, risk,
samples demo and study similar ideas.
- Effective designs are cost effective within
customer budget, draft BOM costing.
- Circuit and Code design and get more inputs
from customer and then freeze specs.
- Build Dummy for ergonomics and discuss,
Prototype and start test at site or simulate.
- Calibration and testing and production
documentation drafts final costs.
- Pilot Production of a small batch, rigorous
test batch, and freeze production documents.
- Documents and Prototypes to be given to
Production Engineering.
- Production Engineering continue engineering
maintenance and quality issues.
- } End
Projekt
GoTo Next Projekt
Product Development Fundamentals
1. Product Design Sections :
a. |
Electronic Engineering |
Circuit Design, PCB
Design, EDA. |
b. |
Mechanical Engineering |
CAD, Tool and Die
Design, Enclosure |
c. |
Software Engineering
Firmware |
PC ware, CASE, emulators |
2. Methods of Product Design :
a. |
Design Automation. |
Design and Simulation
with Computer. |
b. |
Computer Aided Design |
Design on Computer,
Breadboard test. |
c. |
Conventional Design. |
Paper design with
Breadboard test |
3. Criteria of Product Design :
a |
Ergonomics |
User
friendly Interface of controls, display,
etc.. |
b |
EMI / RFI Ext. |
Immunity to
external electrical disturbance. |
c |
EMI / RFI Int. |
Reduction of
Internal electrical noise generation. |
d |
Input Cost |
Selecting
Cost effective components and methods. |
e |
Product Safety |
Eliminating
shock hazard, fire hazard or stress. |
f |
Corrosion res. |
Resistance
to Chemical Fumes, brine, gases etc.. |
g |
Reliability |
Long Life
reliability engineering, MTBF, stability. |
h |
Serviceability |
Accessibility
- Maintenance and repairs, Self test. |
i |
Vibration |
Enclosure /
Components to be vibration resistant . |
j |
Ease of Manfr. |
Manufacture
ease and provision for test and Calib.. |
k |
PC Interface |
RS232, GPIB,
etc. for PC Control and recording. |
l |
Upgrade Ease |
Options,
Software change, Hardware upgrades. |
m |
Quality |
Design,
Components, Production methods. |
n |
Accuracy |
Specifications
of performance and its stability. |
o |
Misuse-Abuse |
Rugged
design both electrically and mechanically. |
4. Criteria of Circuit Design :
a |
Technologies |
Time proven
technology and Standard Parts. |
b |
Reliability |
Component
Selection and Design Methods. |
c |
Modular |
Allow for
incremental upgrades and Service. |
d |
Safety Margins |
Overrating
for Voltage, threshold, speed, etc.. |
e |
Testability |
Test Points,
Isolating Jumpers, self test mode. |
f |
Isolation |
High voltage
isolation, User safety, grounding. |
g |
Thermal Limits |
Dissipation
Limit, Heatsinks, Shutdown, Size. |
h |
Protections |
Fuses,
Current Limit, Zeners, Varistors, Alarm. |
i |
Power economy |
CMOS
Designs, LCD Designs, SMPS, Portable. |
j |
Electrical Parts |
Connector
selection, Relays, Switches, PCB. |
k |
Precision |
Accuracy,
Resolution, Drift, Thermal stability. |
EE Design Library -
Electronic Product Design Resource.
2002 - delabs
If Inputs are Distorted, The Outputs are
Noisy.
Even if the Amplifier is Very Good.
If Raw Materials are of Poor Quality, The
Finished Goods are Defective.
Even if the Process and Machinery is State Of
The Art.
If the Specifications are incomplete, The
Prototype will be rejected.
Even if the Design and Tools are Perfect.
Solderman Talks - 1707 AD
|